B.S. Botany Program
Program Mission
The mission of the BS Botany program is to provide high-quality education in plant sciences through theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and research-based learning. The program aims to produce competent, ethical, and socially responsible graduates who can contribute to the sustainable management of plant biodiversity, agricultural development, environmental conservation, and scientific innovation in Pakistan, particularly in the ecologically diverse region of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The program emphasizes academic excellence, critical thinking, and the application of botanical knowledge to meet the contemporary challenges of food security, climate change, and ecosystem restoration.
Program Objectives
- Foundational Knowledge: Provide students with a solid foundation in classical and modern areas of botany, including taxonomy, physiology, genetics, ecology, and molecular biology.
- Skill Development: Equip students with laboratory, field, and computational skills to conduct plant-based research and solve practical problems.
- Environmental and Social Responsibility: Promote awareness of plant ecology and encourage sustainable biodiversity conservation practices, especially in the Himalayan region.
- Professional Growth: Prepare graduates for careers in teaching, research, agriculture, forestry, environmental management, biotechnology, and related sectors.
- Research and Innovation: Encourage scientific curiosity and hands-on research through projects and collaborations addressing local and global challenges.
- Lifelong Learning: Foster independent learning, ethical responsibility, and professional development.
Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs)
Upon successful completion of the BS Botany program, graduates will be able to:
- Knowledge of Plant Sciences: Demonstrate understanding of concepts in taxonomy, physiology, ecology, genetics, and molecular biology.
- Scientific Inquiry and Research Skills: Conduct experiments, collect/analyze data, and apply scientific methods to solve problems.
- Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving: Apply reasoning and analytical skills to interpret data and solve botanical issues.
- Laboratory and Field Proficiency: Perform lab and field techniques in plant biology, ecology, pathology, and biotechnology.
- Communication Skills: Present scientific findings effectively in oral, written, and digital formats.
- Teamwork and Collaboration: Work in multidisciplinary teams, respect diverse viewpoints, and contribute to group tasks.
- Ethics and Professionalism: Follow ethical practices in research and environmental management.
- Application of Botanical Knowledge: Apply knowledge in agriculture, conservation, climate adaptation, and ecosystem restoration.
- Use of Modern Tools: Utilize tools in data analysis, molecular biology, GIS, and scientific visualization.
- Lifelong Learning and Innovation: Stay updated with scientific advancements and adapt to emerging technologies and environmental challenges.
Courses Offered in B.S. Botany
Curriculum for BS Program in Botany (4 Years / 8 Semesters)
Year-1 Semester–I
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|---|
| GER-01 | GEC-511 | Functional English | 3(3+0) |
| GER-02 | GEC-512 | Science of Global Challenges | 3(2+1) |
| GER-03 | GEC-513 | Islamic Studies OR GEC-514 Ethics (For Non-Muslims) | 2(2+0) |
| GER-04 | GEC-515 | Pakistan Studies | 2(2+0) |
| GER-05 | GEC-516 | A Science of Society | 2(2+0) |
| Major-1 | BOT-511 | Diversity of Plants | 3(2+1) |
| Total Credits | 15 | ||
Year-II
Semester–III
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|---|
| GER-10 | GEC-531 | Quantitative Reasoning-2 | 3(3+0) |
| Major-04 | BOT-531 | Environmental Biology | 3(2+1) |
| Major-05 | BOT-532 | Bacteriology and Virology | 3(2+1) |
| Major-06 | BOT-533 | Diversity in Non-Vascular Plants | 3(2+1) |
| Major-07 | BOT-534 | Plant and Cell Physiology-I | 3(2+1) |
| Total Credits | 15 | ||
Semester–IV
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|---|
| GER-11 | GEC-541 | Entrepreneurship | 2(2+0) |
| GER-12 | GEC-542 | Civic and Community Engagement | 2(2+0) |
| GER-13 | GEC-543 | Arabic | 2(2+0) |
| Major-08 | BOT-541 | Autecology | 3(2+1) |
| Major-09 | BOT-542 | Plant Systematics-I | 3(2+1) |
| Major-10 | BOT-543 | Genetics-I | 3(2+1) |
| Total Credits | 15 | ||
Year-III
Semester–V
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|---|
| Allied-01 | ZOO-3151 | Principles of Animal Life | 3(2+1) |
| Allied-02 | CHM-3232 | Inorganic Chemistry | 3(2+1) |
| Major-11 | BOT-611 | Cell Biology | 3(2+1) |
| Major-12 | BOT-612 | Molecular Biology | 3(2+1) |
| Major-13 | BOT-613 | Diversity of Vascular Plants | 3(2+1) |
| Total Credits | 15 | ||
Semester–VI
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|---|
| Allied-03 | ZOO-3252 | Animal Form and Function | 3(2+1) |
| Allied-04 | CHM-4333 | Organic Chemistry | 3(2+1) |
| Major-14 | BOT-621 | Synecology | 3(2+1) |
| Major-15 | BOT-622 | Plant Systematics-II | 3(2+1) |
| Field/Internship | BOT-625 | Field/Internship | 3(0+3) |
| Total Credits | 15 | ||
Year-IV
Semester–VII
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|---|
| Major-16 | BOT-631 | Mycology | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-17 | BOT-632 | Plant Anatomy | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-18 | BOT-633 | Genetics-II | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-19 | BOT-634 | Plant Biochemistry | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-20 | BOT-635 | Research Methodology | 3 (2+1) |
| Total Credits | 15 | ||
Semester VIII
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|---|
| Major-21 | BOT-641 | Plant and Cell Physiology-II | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-22 | BOT-642 | Conservation Biology | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-23 | BOT-643 | Biostatistics | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-24 | BOT-644 | Principles of Biotechnology | 3 (2+1) |
| Project | BOT-649 | Capstone Project | 3 (0+3) |
| Total Credits | 15 | ||
Curriculum for Associate Degree Program in Botany (2 Years / 4 Semesters)
Associate Degree Program in Botany
Year I – Semester I
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|---|
| GER-01 | GEC-511 | Functional English | 3(3+0) |
| GER-02 | GEC-512 | Science of Global Challenges | 3(2+1) |
| GER-03 | GEC-513 | Islamic Studies OR GEC-514 Ethics (For Non-Muslims) |
2(2+0) |
| GER-04 | GEC-515 | Pakistan Studies | 2(2+0) |
| GER-05 | GEC-516 | A Science of Society | 2(2+0) |
| Major-1 | BOT-511 | Diversity of Plants | 3(2+1) |
| Total Credits | 15 | ||
Semester II
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|---|
| GER-06 | GEC-521 | Expository Writing | 3(3+0) |
| GER-07 | GEC-522 | Quantitative Reasoning | 3(3+0) |
| GER-08 | GEC-523 | Application of Information and Communication Technology | 3(2+1) |
| GER-09 | GEC-524 | Fehm-ul-Quran | NC |
| Major-02 | BOT-521 | Ethnobotany | 3(2+1) |
| Major-03 | BOT-522 | Introduction to Soil Science | 3(2+1) |
| Total Credits | 15 | ||
Year II – Semester III
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|---|
| GER-10 | GEC-531 | Quantitative Reasoning-2 | 3(3+0) |
| Major-04 | BOT-531 | Environmental Biology | 3(2+1) |
| Major-05 | BOT-532 | Bacteriology and Virology | 3(2+1) |
| Major-06 | BOT-533 | Diversity in Non-Vascular Plants | 3(2+1) |
| Major-07 | BOT-534 | Plant and Cell Physiology-I | 3(2+1) |
| Total Credits | 15 | ||
Semester IV
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|---|
| GER-11 | GEC-541 | Entrepreneurship | 2(2+0) |
| GER-12 | GEC-542 | Civic and Community Engagement | 2(2+0) |
| GER-13 | GEC-543 | Arabic | 2(2+0) |
| Major-08 | BOT-541 | Autecology | 3(2+1) |
| Major-09 | BOT-542 | Plant Systematics-I | 3(2+1) |
| Major-10 | BOT-543 | Genetics-I | 3(2+1) |
| Total Credits | 15 | ||