B.S. Botany
Mission, Objectives and Learning Out Comes
Program Mission
The mission of the BS Botany program is to provide high-quality education in plant sciences through theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and research-based learning. The program aims to produce competent, ethical, and socially responsible graduates who can contribute to the sustainable management of plant biodiversity, agricultural development, environmental conservation, and scientific innovation in Pakistan, particularly in the ecologically diverse region of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The program emphasizes academic excellence, critical thinking, and the application of botanical knowledge to meet the contemporary challenges of food security, climate change, and ecosystem restoration.
Program Objectives
- Foundational Knowledge: To provide students with a solid foundation in classical and modern areas of botany, including taxonomy, physiology, genetics, ecology, and molecular biology.
- Skill Development: To equip students with the necessary laboratory, field, and computational skills to conduct plant-based research and solve practical problems related to plant sciences.
- Environmental and Social Responsibility: To cultivate awareness of the ecological significance of plants and promote sustainable practices for biodiversity conservation, especially in the fragile ecosystems of the Himalayan region.
- Professional Growth: To prepare graduates for careers in education, research institutions, agriculture, forestry, environmental management, biotechnology, and other relevant sectors.
- Research and Innovation: To encourage scientific curiosity and research aptitude through student-led projects, internships, and collaborations that address local and global challenges.
- Lifelong Learning: To foster intellectual independence, ethical responsibility, and a commitment to continuous learning and professional development.
Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs)
Upon successful completion of the BS Botany program, the graduate will be able to:
- Knowledge of Plant Sciences: Demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of major concepts, principles, and theories in plant taxonomy, physiology, ecology, molecular biology, genetics, and related disciplines.
- Scientific Inquiry and Research Skills: Design and conduct experiments, collect and analyze biological data, and apply appropriate scientific methods to investigate plant-related problems.
- Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving: Apply logical reasoning and analytical thinking to interpret scientific information and solve real-world botanical and environmental issues.
- Laboratory and Field Proficiency: Perform a wide range of laboratory and field techniques relevant to plant biology, ecology, plant pathology, and plant biotechnology.
- Communication Skills: Communicate scientific ideas effectively through oral presentations, written reports, and digital media to academic, scientific, and public audiences.
- Teamwork and Collaboration: Work effectively in multidisciplinary teams, respecting diversity of thought and contributing to collaborative problem-solving efforts.
- Ethics and Professionalism: Adhere to ethical standards in scientific research, environmental stewardship, and professional conduct.
- Application of Botanical Knowledge: Use botanical knowledge to address issues in agriculture, natural resource management, climate change adaptation, and biodiversity conservation, particularly in mountain and temperate ecosystems.
- Use of Modern Tools: Employ modern tools, software, and techniques in data analysis, molecular biology, GIS, and scientific visualization.
- Lifelong Learning and Innovation: Demonstrate a commitment to continuous learning and the ability to adapt to new scientific knowledge, emerging technologies, and evolving environmental challenges.
Courses Offered in B.S. Botany
CURRICULUM FOR BS PROGRAM IN BOTANY(4 YEARS/8 SEMESTERS)
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
| GER-01 | GEC-511 | Functional English | 3(3+0) |
| GER-02 | GEC-512 | Science of Global challenges | 3(2+1) |
| GER-03 | GEC-513 | Islamic Studies
OR GEC-514 Ethics (For Non-Muslims) |
2(2+0) |
| GER-04 | GEC-515 | Pakistan Studies | 2(2+0) |
| GER-05 | GEC-516 | A Science of Society | 2(2+0) |
| Major-1 | BOT-511 | Diversity of Plants | 3(2+1) |
| Total Credits | 15 |
SEMESTER–II
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
| GER-06 | GEC-521 | Expository Writing | 3(3+0) |
| GER-07 | GEC-522 | Quantitative Reasoning | 3(3+0) |
| GER-08 | GEC-523 | Application of Information and Communication Technology | 3(2+1) |
| GER-09 | GEC-524 | Fehm-ul-Quran | NC |
| Major-02 | BOT-521 | Ethnobotany | 3(2+1) |
| Major-03 | BOT-522 | Introduction to Soil Science | 3(2+1) |
| Total Credits | 15 |
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
| GER-10 | GEC-531 | Quantitative Reasoning-2 | 3(3+0) |
| Major-04 | BOT-531 | Environmental Biology | 3(2+1) |
| Major-05 | BOT-532 | Bacteriology and Virology | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-06 | BOT-533 | Diversity in Non-Vascular Plants | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-07 | BOT-534 | Plant and Cell Physiology-I | 3 (2+1) |
| Total Credits | 15 |
SEMESTER–IV
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
| GER-11 | GEC-541 | Entrepreneurship | 2(2+0) |
| GER-12 | GEC-542 | Civic and Community Engagement | 2(2+0) |
| GER-13 | GEC-543 | Arabic | 2(2+0) |
| Major-08 | BOT-541 | Autecology | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-09 | BOT-542 | Plant Systematics-I | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-10 | BOT-543 | Genetics-I | 3 (2+1) |
| Total Credits | 15 |
SEMESTER–VI
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
| Allied-03 | ZOO-3252 | Animal Form and Function | 3 (2+1) |
| Allied-04 | CHM-4333 | Organic Chemistry | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-14 | BOT-621 | Synecology | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-15 | BOT-622 | Plant Systematics-II | 3 (2+1) |
| Field/internship | BOT-625 | Field/internship | 3 (0+3) |
| Total Credits | 15 |
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
| Major-16 | BOT-631 | Mycology | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-17 | BOT-632 | Plant Anatomy | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-18 | BOT-633 | Genetics-II | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-19 | BOT-634 | Plant Biochemistry | 3(2+1) |
| Major-20 | BOT-635 | Research Methodology | 3(2+1) |
| Total Credits | 15 |
SEMESTER–VIII
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
| Major-21 | BOT-641 | Plant and Cell Physiology-II | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-22 | BOT-642 | Conservation Biology | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-23 | BOT-643 | Biostatistics | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-24 | BOT-644 | Principles of Biotechnology | 3 (2+1) |
| Project | BOT-649 | Capstone Project | 3(0+3) |
| Total Credits | 15 |
SCHEME OF STUDIES FOR AD PROGRAM IN BOTANY
CURRICULUM FOR ASSOCIATE DEGREE PROGRAM IN BOTANY(02 YEARS/04 SEMESTERS)
Year-1 SEMESTER–I
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
| GER-01 | GEC-511 | Functional English | 3(3+0) |
| GER-02 | GEC-512 | Science of Global challenges | 3(2+1) |
| GER-03 | GEC-513 | Islamic Studies
OR GEC-514 Ethics (For Non-Muslims) |
2(2+0) |
| GER-04 | GEC-515 | Pakistan Studies | 2(2+0) |
| GER-05 | GEC-516 | A Science of Society | 2(2+0) |
| Major-1 | BOT-511 | Diversity of Plants | 3(2+1) |
| Total Credits | 15 |
SEMESTER–II
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
| GER-06 | GEC-521 | Expository Writing | 3(3+0) |
| GER-07 | GEC-522 | Quantitative Reasoning | 3(3+0) |
| GER-08 | GEC-523 | Application of Information and Communication Technology | 3(2+1) |
| GER-09 | GEC-524 | Fehm-ul-Quran | NC |
| Major-02 | BOT-521 | Ethnobotany | 3(2+1) |
| Major-03 | BOT-522 | Introduction to Soil Science | 3(2+1) |
| Total Credits | 15 |
Year-II SEMESTER–III
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
| GER-10 | GEC-531 | Quantitative Reasoning-2 | 3(3+0) |
| Major-04 | BOT-531 | Environmental Biology | 3(2+1) |
| Major-05 | BOT-532 | Bacteriology and Virology | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-06 | BOT-533 | Diversity in Non-Vascular Plants | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-07 | BOT-534 | Plant and Cell Physiology-I | 3 (2+1) |
| Total Credits | 15 |
SEMESTER–IV
| Course Category | Course Code | Course Title | Credits |
| GER-11 | GEC-541 | Entrepreneurship | 2(2+0) |
| GER-12 | GEC-542 | Civic and Community Engagement | 2(2+0) |
| GER-13 | GEC-543 | Arabic | 2(2+0) |
| Major-08 | BOT-541 | Autecology | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-09 | BOT-542 | Plant Systematics-I | 3 (2+1) |
| Major-10 | BOT-543 | Genetics-I | 3 (2+1) |
| Total Credits | 15 |
